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Methodology for estimating association between categorical variables with application genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
Base de datos de Mortalidad Humana para América Latina (Urdinola & Queiroz) www.lamortalidad.org
Cuentas de Transferencias Intergeneracionales para Colombia (Urdinola&Tovar) www.ntaccounts.org
Is the only one species of Haemoproteus describe and reported in caprimulgiformes, the fully grown gametocytes usually enclose the nucleus of the erythrocytes, even sometimes occupying all cytoplasm of the host cells. In growing gametocytes a cleft is present between the erythrocy.
Is a Haemoproteidae species which usually infect Apodiformes, the gametocytes, grow appressed to the nucleus of the infected erythrocyte, pushing notoriously, the grown gametocyte slightly enclose the nucleus of the host cell without encircle completely.
This species is similar to H. coatneyi, so is necessary to pay attention to the presence of small (<0.5 um) and medium (0.5 to 1.0 um) pigment granules at the same frequency on gametocytes, also the genetic distance of the mitochondrial lineages of Cyt b between these two species.
Despite that vacuoles are present on gametocytes of many Haemoproteus species, a huge (>2.5 um in diameter) is a strong character to distinguished H. macrovacuolatus from all described species.
The new species is closely related to H. (Parahaemoproteus) coatneyi, and it can be readily distinguished from the latter parasite due to morphology of its blood stages, particularly 1) the formation of a marked protrusion on envelope of infected erythrocytes by the majority of developing gametocytes, a feature which is unique for this Haemoproteus species and 2) the extremely attenuated width of the growing dumbbell-shaped macro- and microgametocytes.
To identify this species is necessary to paid attention to present of Fully grown Gametocytes joined to the nucleus and envelope of erythrocytes, pigment granules of predominantly of medium size 0.5-1 ?m), Dumbbell-shaped gametocytes represent more than 10% of the total number of growing gametocytes.
The mainly character of L. pteroptenuis is the unique shape of nuclei of its fusiform host cells which assume band-like forms (without thickenings on the ends), covering between 30 and 55 % of the circumference of the gametocytes, possesses markedly narrowed ends and extends into the cytoplasmic processors of host cells.
This is the first Leucocytozoon species describe on Trochilidae, present numerous prominent volutin granules, develops in roundish host cells, the nucleus of the Host cell take a comma-like shape, this is a unique character, make this parasite species easily distinguishable from all previously described species.
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